Specified model solutions
Based on the model cases, six model solutions suitable for small and medium-sized municipalities in the project area were selected in a multi-stage selection process together with the project partners and associated partners. In surveys and expert interviews, the technologies were evaluated, for example in terms of their innovative character, availability, transferability and feasibility in the respective partner countries. Finally, a score-system was used to select those technologies that appear to be most suitable and feasible for cities in the project area. Finally, the following technologies were selected:
- Heat pumps
- Electric cars
- Batteries
- Latent heat storages in combination with photovoltaic systems
- Sensible heat storages in combination with photovoltaic systems
- Fuel cells combined with solar systems or heat pumps
Elaborated model solutions aim to accelerate the realization of CSSC solutions for municipalities and to describe the choice of different technical options that can be chosen. The solutions are a guideline for different city actors to find criteria for what is important to realize a CSSC solution and which technical solution fits to the city (see city types). The proposed model solutions are on the one hand innovative and ambitious in the realization, but on the other hand easy to implement in the actual conditions of the municipality. The model solutions are transferable to and from each participating country.
Germany
Austria
Montenegro
Romaina
Bulgaria
Slovenia
Slovakia
Germany
| Description | In the city hall in Freiburg, almost the entire building envelope is used to generate energy. Photovoltaics – both on the roof and integrated into the facade – are mainly used. Domestic hot water is provided by hybrid collectors (PVT) supported by a gas condensing boiler. The heat supply is based on a low-temperature concept. Groundwater-coupled heat pumps are used. Heating and cooling are provided by surface systems in the form of concrete core activation combined with ceiling sails. Cooling is realized almost entirely with environmental energy via a groundwater well. High-temperature heat for heating drinking water – for the canteen and sanitary facilities – is provided by a gas boiler supported by solar thermal energy |
| CO2eq reduction rentability | n.a. |
| Energy savings rentability | In terms of primary energy, the building itself generates as much energy as it requires in the annual sum, which is equivalent to a 40 percent reduction in demand compared to a regular modern office building |
| Difficulties encountered and lessons learned | Fraunhofer ISE intensively monitored the building as part of a research project, from the planning phase through implementation to the first years of operation. Overall, the monitoring results are positive: Most of the determined key figures are in line with the target values of the planning, which is by no means a matter of course for new buildings with a comparably complex system technology. However, the targets for heating consumption were not fully achieved, despite already low consumption values. The contributions from the solar thermal system are also below expectations. In total, however, the primary energy balance is almost complete. |
| Evidence of success | |
| Overview of operational management requirements | |
| Implementing and operating organization, involved local actors | ingenhoven architects Fraunhofer ISE |
| Timeframe Planning Phase | 2012 Architectural competition 2013 commissioning ingenhoven architects |
| Timeframe Building Phase | 2017 Building completion |
Austria
| Description | The solar.one Building in Stegersbach, Burgenland (south-east Austria), a modern office building that is utilizing PV-generated power for heating and cooling of the building via a heat pump system. A cold and hot water storage serve as buffer storage in this system. |
| CO2eq reduction rentability | The building has an annual energy demand for heating and cooling of approx. 64.000 kWh. By utilizing electric power instead of light fuel oil annual CO2 savings of approx. 4,9 t can be achieved, based on the average Austrian power mix. If only self produced (via PV) power is used, savings of up to 21,5 t per anno are achievable. |
| Energy savings rentability | The installed heat pumps have a degree of efficiency of 0,375. For a heating power of 80kW electric power of 30kW is installed. |
| Difficulties encountered and lessons learned | Despite being integrated in a building management and monitoring system, calibration of heating and cooling circuits in combination with the thermal storages proved to be difficult. But after a start-up period of about 2 months the heat pumps have been running smoothly. As a lesson learned it can be said that for complex heating and cooling systems sufficient start-up and debugging time shall be given when planning the projects time table. |
| Evidence of success | The solar.one building is utilized since 12/2020, so the first heating period has successfully been managed (as of 08/2021) by the heat pump system without any major failure. |
| Overview of operational management requirements | The system is fully automized, there are no operational requirements |
| Implementing and operating organization, involved local actors | The system has been commissioned by the building owner, the solar.one IMMO GmbH & Co.KG. Planning and system design has been done by Energie Kompass GmbH. The system has been supplied by Vaillant Austria. |
Montenegro
Description | The super luxury tourist village “Luštica Bay” -the facilities of the phases C and D, area cca 10.000m2, are based on air-to-water heat pumps supplying the powered floor heating, fan-coil units and water heaters to heat the sanitary hot water. |
CO2eq reduction rentability | NA |
Energy savings rentability | NA |
Difficulties encountered and lessons learned | – renewable energy production technologies (especially PV systems) cannot provide the heat pumps all the needed energy in cases where outdated or low efficiency freon technology is used. |
Evidence of success | – in the case of buildings on which no up-to-date thermal rehabilitation works have been carried out with quality materials, heat losses can compromise the profitability of the heat pump system. |
Overview of operational management requirements | Existence of an integrated electricity network at building level for the injection of energy produced from renewable energy sources (sector coupling). |
Implementing and operating organization, involved local actors | – RES solution providers |
Timeframe Planning Phase | 6 months (average) – elaboration of energy audit, tender book |
Timeframe Building Phase | 1 year (average) works to provide the building with the selected technical solutions and modification of the electrical installation |
Romaina
| Description | In buildings the cases, where at least one solution for electricity production from renewable sources with a heat pump (eg air-to-air) for AC production, represent potential applications for this purpose. Modern heat pump systems can use the refrigerant both to cool the spaces during the summer and to heat the spaces during the days with low temperatures by switching the working direction. At local level, suitable public buildings have been identified, such as: – Alexandru Domșa High School (Alba Iulia) – Alba Iulia City Hall – Programs Department |
| CO2eq reduction rentability | 8.33 € / Kg CO2eq (10 years) – exploitation period considered: 10 years |
| Energy savings rentability | 222 € / MWh (10 years) – exploitation period considered: 10 years |
| Difficulties encountered and lessons learned | – renewable energy production technologies (especially PV systems) cannot provide the heat pumps all the needed energy in cases where outdated or low efficiency freon technology is used. – in the case of buildings on which no up-to-date thermal rehabilitation works have been carried out with quality materials, heat losses can compromise the profitability of the heat pump system. |
| Evidence of success | |
| Overview of operational management requirements | Existence of an integrated electricity network at building level for the injection of energy produced from renewable energy sources (sector coupling). |
| Implementing and operating organization, involved local actors | – RES solution providers – Electricity distributor – energy suppliers – Building owners |
| Timeframe Planning Phase | 6 months (average) – elaboration of energy audit, tender book |
| Timeframe Building Phase | 1 year (average) works to provide the building with the selected technical solutions and modification of the electrical installation |
Bulgaria
| Description | The building is situated in the town of Varna. It consists of two floors and a basement. Taking into consideration the required refrigerating and heating capacity, an air-cooled thermal pumping unit for water cooling will be installed. It has a separate hydraulic module for external mounting and a low noise levels. Its parameters are as follows: Qcooling=12.0 kW, Qheating=6 kW, N= 5.6 kW, 380 V with water temperature in the following ranges 7С/12С – 50С/45С. The unit is compact, it is secured by a microprocessor control and working modes protection. It will be installed on the north-western side of the building. The hydraulic module will be mounted in the boiler room. The hydraulic module is connected to an accumulating vessel with a volume of 80 l. The supply to the installation comes directly from the accumulating vessel via a circulator pump with the following parameters: Q=2.33m3/h; N=0,25kW; 220V. The installation of an electric boiler which will be used in very cold days is planned, it will have power input of 6 kW. It is also connected to the accumulating vessel and it will automatically turn on when the temperature of the water returning from the heating system drops below 35С. |
| CO2eq reduction rentability | 10 800 kg CO2 yearly savings |
| Energy savings rentability | 12500 kWh yearly savings |
| Difficulties encountered and lessons learned | The main difficulty is regarding the installation of the system. The reason is that the installers do not have enough well-qualified staff. To avoid problems, very strict investor control is needed. |
| Evidence of success | The system has been working very well since 2010. Since then, the system has worked flawlessly. |
| Overview of operational management requirements | It is necessary to carry out regular maintenance of the system. |
| Implementing and operating organization, involved local actors | The system was built as a pilot model for a sustainable way to air-condition a building. In addition to the heat pump, a ventilation system, increased thermal insulation, thermal insulation of thermal bridges, energy-efficient joinery, etc. were planned and built. Representatives of the municipality, district administration and other stakeholders were involved. |
| Timeframe Planning Phase | Planning took about three months, with various options being discussed. |
| Timeframe Building Phase | The construction of the system alone took about 5 months, including delivery. |
Slovenia
| Description | As part of the comprehensive energy rehabilitation of the Miklavž pri Ormožu Kindergarten, the existing LPG heating system was replaced with a heat pump. An air / water heat pump with a compact design is installed, which means that the heat pump has only an outdoor unit. The heating power of the heat pump is 17.5 kW. Together with the heat pump, a 300 L hot water storage tank was also installed. The investment in the installation of the heat pump and heat storage tank amounted to EUR 17,663.00. |
| CO2eq reduction rentability | The total reduction of emissions after the implementation of all measures amounts to 76,2 % of the total emissions of the building. |
| Energy savings rentability | The liquefied petroleum gas boiler was replaced by a heat pump. Replacing the boiler with a heat pump saved 4.051 L of LPG / a previously used. 31.919 kWh of heat, with the heat pump now consuming an additional 6.057 kWh of electricity. In terms of heating costs, replacing the heating system means EUR 655 in savings per year. |
| Difficulties encountered and lessons learned | Both the preparation and implementation of a comprehensive energy rehabilitation as well as the installation of the heat pump are well-established processes and as such take place without major problems. |
| Evidence of success | The replacement of the LPG boiler with a heat pump was carried out as part of the comprehensive renovation of the building, which also included the insulation of the facade, ceiling, replacement of windows and hydraulic balancing of the heating system. With the implementation of all measures, energy costs were reduced by around 58 %. |
| Overview of operational management requirements | The heating system is managed by the user of the building, – Kindergarten Miklavž pri Ormožu. |
| Implementing and operating organization, involved local actors | The Municipality of Ormož, the Local Energy Agency of Spodnje Podravje, and many actors and contractors from the region were actively involved in the operation of the entire energy renovation of buildings in the municipality of Ormož. The maintenance of the heat pump is carried out regularly once a year by an authorized service technician and a daily inspection by the building caretaker. |
| Timeframe Planning Phase | The planning of the energy renovation was done together for 7 buildings owned by the municipality of Ormož and lasted about 9 months and included the implementation energy audit, complete technical documentation for the renovation works, investment plan, application for tender, etc. |
| Timeframe Building Phase | The implementation of the entire operation of energy renovation of 7 buildings lasted about 2 years. The installation of the heat pump itself included the construction of the concrete base of the outdoor unit, and the connection to the hot water storage tank and the connection to the existing heating system. |
Slovakia
| Description | As part of the Green Households II project, it is possible to obtain support for the installation of heat pumps, which will be used primarily for heating. A heat pump is a device that uses heat from the outside environment. It is designed especially for low-temperature heating systems, such as floor, wall or ceiling heating, in houses with good thermal insulation. Thanks to the efficient use of renewable energy, heat pumps reduce household operating costs for heating and hot water. |
| CO2eq reduction rentability | N/A |
| Energy savings rentability | N/A |
| Difficulties encountered and lessons learned | |
| Evidence of success | |
| Overview of operational management requirements | Installations of heat pumps will be supported only if the following requirements arising from the Operational Program Environmental Quality are also complied with. Low temperature application, issued by the EEA certification body or HP Keymark: ground-source heat pump:> 4.1 water-to-water heat pump:> 4.1 air-to-water heat pump:> 3.5 |
| Implementing and operating organization, involved local actors | Slovak Innovation and Energy Agency Green Households II, national support scheme. https://tatraclima.sk/realizacie/#cerpadla |
| Timeframe Planning Phase | continuously |
| Timeframe Building Phase | continuously |
ab Content
Germany
Austria
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Germany
| Description | In April 2018, EnBW commissioned a battery storage power plant supplied by Bosch Energy Storage Solutions at the Heilbronn power plant. The plant has an output of 5 MW and a capacity of 5.6 MWh and is intended to provide primary control power. It has been integrated directly into the control center of the cogeneration plant. Specifically, this was done in the plant’s hard coal unit 7. The storage unit covers almost one fifth of the control power of the cogeneration plant (coal-fired power). /pa It consists of 768 lithium-ion battery modules distributed across two containers, each with a storage capacity of 2.8 MWh. A total of six 900-kW inverters and six 1000-KVA transformers are installed. At its core, the plant is built to provide primary control power. In the future, however, it will also be ready for other marketing options and for coupling with other industrial customers, it said. |
| CO2eq reduction rentability | |
| Energy savings rentability | The storage facility covers just under one fifth of the CHP plant’s control output |
| Difficulties encountered and lessons learned | The joint venture is to gain experience with the modular battery storage system in container design at the Heilbronn site in order to then offer the solution, including a service package, on the market in the future. The aim is to stabilize the grids in connection with both conventional and renewable generation. |
| Evidence of success | |
| Overview of operational management requirements | Company kraftwerksbatterie is responsible for technical, administrative and financial problems. |
| Implementing and operating organization, involved local actors | joint venture energy group EnBW and project partner Bosch. The technology components come from Bosch. EnBW provided the construction work and the grid connection. |
| Timeframe Planning Phase | n.a. |
| Timeframe Building Phase | Ca. 6 Months |
Austria
| Description | The municipality Ollersdorf in Burgenland (south-east Austria) installed a 30kWh battery storage in order to increase the self-consumption efficiency of the town halls 26,75 kWp PV plant and to provide black-out prevention for the municipal office (including a medical practice) and the fire police station. The battery is connected to the buildings PV installation, increasing the amount of self-consumed PV power and is also able to provide power in the case of a grid failure. |
| CO2eq reduction rentability | By increasing the rate of self-consumption from about 35% to about 60% about 7.350 kWh of self produced PV power can be additionally utilized, thus saving about 1,9t CO2 annually (based on the Austrian power mix). |
| Energy savings rentability | Based on the current Austrian electric energy prices (2021), the increased self-consumption will allow for annual energy cost savings of about 1.395€ allowing for a break even of the investment after about 11 years. |
| Difficulties encountered and lessons learned | The building has 3 separate PV generators (total power of 26,75 kWp). Utilizing all the available power optimally, while also being able to switch into black-out mode (providing power only to parts of the building) proved to be difficult, not only technically but also in terms of applicable grid regulations. As a lesson learned it can be said that grid access regulations have to be considered as early as possible in technical planning in order to avoid developing a good technical solutions that does not fully comply with grid regulations. |
| Evidence of success | The battery storage system is in operation since 05/2019 without any major failure (as of 08/2021) |
| Overview of operational management requirements | The battery storage system operates mostly automated and does not require operational management. |
| Implementing and operating organization, involved local actors | The battery system was installed by the municipality of Ollersdorf, who is also operating the battery now. Technical design has been provided by the local engineering company Energie Kompass GmbH and the battery system has been delivered by Bluesky Energy GmbH. |
| Timeframe Planning Phase | The planning phase was from 01/2019 to 04/2019 |
| Timeframe Building Phase | The building and commissioning phase was from 04/2019 to 05/2019 |
Romania
| Description | Renewable energy production system of grid-interactive type with battery storage (type OPzV 2,600AH lead-acid gel). Location of the identified solution: Multipurpose Hall (BTarena) Cluj-Napoca. – A 30KWe PV network consisting of 120 panels of 250W each, annual production of about 33 MWh. – A set of 10 intelligent MPPT type regulators, of 60A each, which ensures the optimal energy transfer from the photovoltaic panels to the batteries – A storage capacity equivalent to 220.8 KWh, comprising a bank of 48 pieces of batteries of 2300 Ah each, manufactured by Hoppecke Germany – A group of 6 inverters of 6KW each, which provides power to a group of consumers with a maximum power of 36 KW (three-phase), manufactured by Schneider Electric |
| CO2eq reduction rentability | € 0.68 / kg CO2eq (20 years) € 120,000 (total implementation cost) Expected operational lifetime: 20 years |
| Energy savings rentability | 181 € / MWh (20 years) -Total implementation cost: € 120,000 – Expected exploitation period: 20 years |
| Difficulties encountered and lessons learned | |
| Evidence of success | After 6 years of operation the system is still operational, achieving significant energy savings for the building where it was installed. |
| Overview of operational management requirements | Providing facilities for intervention in case of fire. Temperature oscillation monitoring systems depending on the load and load level. |
| Implementing and operating organization, involved local actors | – Cluj-Napoca City Hall -Banca Transilvania (national banking operator) -Ecovolt (provider of RES and energy storage solutions) |
| Timeframe Planning Phase | 2 months (2014) |
| Timeframe Building Phase | 6 months (2014) |
Slovakia
| Description | 1. Li-ion NMC storage technology by Veolia in Levice. Total storage capacity 2,91 (MWh), max.power 5,5 (MW). It is currently the largest battery energy storage project in Central Europe. The battery will be installed in order to cooperate with the steam-gas cycle equipment, which performs the function of providing secondary frequency control (aFRR). Source:https://www.prservis.sk/konzorcium-eneregodata-tesla-doda-najvacsi-stredoeuropsky-bateriovy-energeticky-ulozny-system-pre-paroplynovy-cyklus-veolia-levice/ 2. Muller Textiles Slovakia, s.r.o., Myslina Industrial property located in the industrial park on the outskirts of the city. The battery stores energy from photovoltaic panels with an output of 499 kWp and makes sure that all the energy produced is used only for its own consumption. As defined by local resource legislation. Source: https://www.energie-portal.sk/Dokument/energiu-zo-slnka-uklada-smart-bateria-zavod-v-humennom-vyuziva-lokalny-zdroj-na-prenajom-106508.aspx |
| CO2eq reduction rentability | N/A |
| Energy savings rentability | N/A |
| Difficulties encountered and lessons learned | |
| Evidence of success | 1.VEOLIA, as the largest provider of support services on the Slovak energy market, is thus really preparing for the new regulation rules valid from 1.1.2022, which will shorten the reaction time of the source providing secondary regulation from 15 min. for 7.5 min. 2. Installation of the biggest smart battery system in Slovakia, more than 432 kWh. |
| Overview of operational management requirements | |
| Implementing and operating organization, involved local actors | 1. ENERGODATA, the main provider of comprehensive SW and HW solutions for providers of supporting energy network services in Slovakia in a consortium with the battery storage integrator LECLANCHE SA Switzerland and in production cooperation with TESLA Liptovský Hrádok, will supply a battery energy storage system based on Li-ion batteries with NMC technology with an output of 5.2 MW and an installed capacity of 2.9 MWh. It is currently the largest battery energy storage project in Central Europe. The EPC contractor TESLA Blue Planet will perform project management on the supplier’s side. 2. Muller Textiles Slovakia; Slovenské elektrárne – energy services together with Fuergy partners and Viessmann. The main motive was to use the electricity produced on the roof of the production hall as efficiently as possible and thus reduce the carbon footprint as much as possible. This was possible with Slovenské elektrárne – energetické služby, s.r.o. which offer photovoltaic system as a service and Fuergy company offering battery storage integrated with AI-powered software, to maximize the use of electricity. |
| Timeframe Planning Phase | 2021 |
| Timeframe Building Phase | 2021 |
Slovenia
| Description | Slovenia / Electricity storage at the Talum factory Battery system from the manufacturer Tesla, with a Slovenian software solution that independently manages the devices included in a virtual power plant. Connected battery power 15 MW and capacity 30 MWh. |
| CO2eq reduction rentability | Battery life up to 30 years |
| Energy savings rentability | The investment amounted to 15 million EUR. The estimated payback period is 8-10 years. |
| Difficulties encountered and lessons learned | Problems arise when production becomes dependent on external factors. For example, the production of electricity from renewable sources depends on the weather. A storage system is required to bridge these production holes. Due to its activity – aluminium production, the Talum factory is the largest consumer of electricity in the country. The battery in the company Talum can bridge the time when there is a failure of an external source of electricity and helps until the energy transmission system is restored (in case of failure – 4 to 5 hours of uninterrupted production). |
| Evidence of success | The largest battery in the wider area. The battery has been in operation since 2020. After fifteen years, the expected capacity is still 70%. |
| Overview of operational management requirements | Operational management by company Ngen |
| Implementing and operating organization, involved local actors | Ngen – investor, implementing Talum – the location of the battery system |
| Timeframe Planning Phase | Own development of software solutions, Tesla battery system |
| Timeframe Building Phase | 2020 |
Bulgaria
| Description | Albena is an integrated brand, incorporating hotel facilities, auxiliary services, agriculture, renewable energy, etc. with strong synergy effects and focus on sustainable growth. A new Photovoltaic system was installed, protection and cables leading to the main transformer board. The battery storage (200kWh) system with suitable inverters, protection and battery management system was situated at the transformer substation site. Full energy monitoring system consisting of power meters and software produced by Schneider Electric is already functioning on site. |
| CO2eq reduction rentability | |
| Energy savings rentability | |
| Difficulties encountered and lessons learned | Managing such a cluster of batteries is proving to be a serious challenge. It is necessary to build a quality energy monitoring system. |
| Evidence of success | The system has been operating very successfully since 2019, fulfilling its role of providing energy management flexibility. |
| Overview of operational management requirements | The PV system cover most of the daily electricity demand. As the daily electricity load curve is quite similar to the power generation profile, a PV system gives the opportunity to reduce the used grid peak power and increase the percentage of used renewable energy. Electricity energy storage was installed in order to balance the power generation of the PV system, as well as to store surplus energy for evening peak power demand ensuring constant grid load. With energy storage, local peak power loads at the transformer station was avoided, and the power quality and system reliability will be improved. A local energy power balance between bought energy and actual consumed energy is available. In that case costs for imbalance is avoided. |
| Implementing and operating organization, involved local actors | Stakeholders involved was the hotel owners. After the successful implementation of the project, the pilot model was rolled out to the other hotels in Albena. The model was also presented to other tourist resorts as an example of energy and financial efficiency. |
| Timeframe Planning Phase | 1 year |
| Timeframe Building Phase | 1,5 year |
Germany
Slovenia
Germany
| Description | As early as 1996, the Ludwigsburg Clinic decided to build a combined heat and power plant. Rising electricity consumption due to increasingly high-quality, large-scale medical equipment and the fact that it is fully utilized at all times made it economically sensible to expand in-house electricity generation. https://www.energieatlas-bw.de/-/klinikum-ludwigsburg In order to efficiently utilize the three combined heat and power plants with a total electrical output of 2 MW and at the same time cover the demand for heating and cooling as much as possible throughout the day, Ludwigsburg Hospital decided to optimize the heating and cooling network by using storage units. While there is only a low demand for heating and cooling during the night hours, the morning peak period is characterized by load peaks. This problem was mitigated by the use of an ice storage system. With a cooling capacity of 3,570 kWh and a volume of 55,000 l, this is charged at night by means of refrigeration machines and melted during the day. Power peaks are also reduced due to the lower daytime operation of the chiller. Charging the storage tank at night thus enables the CHP units to operate all day and leads to high utilization rates. Self-generated electricity could thus be increased to almost 100 %. Capacity, 3.75 MW Investment, 359,000 euros Service life, 20 years |
| CO2eq reduction rentability | all-day operation of the CHP units |
| Energy savings rentability | all-day operation of the CHP units |
| Difficulties encountered and lessons learned | |
| Evidence of success | |
| Overview of operational management requirements | In order to keep costs low for the clinic, it was decided to use a contracting model. An energy supply company was founded for this purpose, in which the Ludwigsburg-Bietigheim clinic association also participated. Through its participation, the clinic benefits both from more efficient energy generation and from the income generated by the energy supply company. |
| Implementing and operating organization, involved local actors | Klinikum Ludwigsburg |
| Timeframe Planning Phase | |
| Timeframe Building Phase | 1 Year |
Slovenia
| Description | Municipality of Lendava is installing a paraffin-based latent heat storage in the local library building. At the same time, the library will be connected to the geothermal grid. The pilot of a paraffin-based latent storage in connection with a geothermal district heating system is a highly innovative investment in Slovenia because no similar installation has yet been built anywhere else in Slovenia. The pilot site is a city library, profane building heritage. It is written in the Decree on the proclamation of cultural monuments of local importance in the area of the Municipality of Lendava. It is a ground floor, neo-Baroque villa with elements of secession from 1906. |
| CO2eq reduction rentability | Reduction of CO₂ Emissions Pollution: 16,8 tons of CO₂ (geothermal energy has an CO₂ emission factor of “0”) |
| Energy savings rentability | Reduction of energy consumption/share of fossil fuels: 60 MWh (compared to the consumption of heating oil in Lendava Library) |
| Difficulties encountered and lessons learned | The main challenges that led to the decision of Paraffin wax storage were the location of the building, cultural protection and limited space for storage. The building is going to be connected to the Geothermal district heating system and will be the last connection in the network. It has shown that the inlet temperatures will be too low to sufficiently heat the building in the normal intermittent heating mode. Insulation of the façade would lower the energy demand but as it is a protected historic building, there are restrictions on RUE measures. Energy storage offers a solution but in the boiler room it is not enough room space to install conventional water storage tanks. Paraffin storage offered a solution for this challenges. |
| Evidence of success | Increase of energy efficiency: 5,5 % or 3 MWh |
| Overview of operational management requirements | |
| Implementing and operating organization, involved local actors | The planning and implementation of the installation of a latent heat storage was carried out as part of the Store4HUC project (Interreg Central Europe). Many actors from the region as well as from neighbouring regions were involved in the project. |
| Timeframe Planning Phase | The planning phase lasted one year (obtaining permits, preparation of project documentation, implementation of public procurement) |
| Timeframe Building Phase | Construction works and installation lasted a month. |
Germany
Austria
BiH
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Germany
| Description | Horb am Neckar, a biomass power plant is operated by the municipal utility. The highly efficient wood gasifier with an overall efficiency of 90% supplies heat as well as electricity. In order to be able to use this heat optimally, a large heat storage system from cupasol is being installed at the CHP plant site of the former Hohenberg barracks. In this way, all the heat from the power plant can be used and stable operation of the heating system is ensured. Details of the cupasol large heat storage tank Capacity 3.000 m³ Maximum output 3.500 kW Temperature range 55°C – 95°C Heat capacity 140 MWh Height 9,15 m diameter 23,4 m U-value of the storage tank > 0,15 W/m²K Heat loss 1,4% Costs 1068000 € Subsidy 300000 € https://cupasol.de/referenzen/grosswaermespeicher-horb/ |
| CO2eq reduction rentability | |
| Energy savings rentability | |
| Difficulties encountered and lessons learned | |
| Evidence of success | |
| overview of operational management requirements | |
| Implementing and operating organization, involved local actors | Operator: Stadtwerke Horb Manufacturer: Cupasol |
| Timeframe Planning Phase | |
| Timeframe Building Phase |
Austria
| Description | An example the sensible heat storage is the solar.one Building in Stegersbach, Burgenland (south-east Austria), a modern office building that is utilizing PV-generated power for heating and cooling of the building via a heatpump system. A cold and hot water storage serve as buffer storage in this system. |
| CO2eq reduction rentability | The thermal storages increase the energy efficiency of the heating / cooling system by about 15%, which results in annual energy savings of about 11.300 kWh (thermal) or respectively 4.240 kWh (electric). Based on the Austrian power mix this results in annual CO2 savings of about 1,1 tons. |
| Energy savings rentability | As said above, about 4.240 kWh of electric power can be saved annually. |
| Difficulties encountered and lessons learned | As mentioned above, despite being integrated in a building management and monitoring system, calibration of heating and cooling circuits in combination with the thermal storages proved to be difficult. As a lesson learned it can be said that for complex heating and cooling systems sufficient start-up and debugging time shall be given when planning the projects time table. However, there have been no difficulties encountered that have been directly tied to the thermal storages. |
| Evidence of success | The solar.one building is utilized since 12/2020, so the first heating period has successfully been managed (as of 08/2021) by the heat pump system without any major failure. |
| overview of operational management requirements | The system is fully automized, there are no operational requirements |
| Implementing and operating organization, involved local actors | The system has been commissioned by the building owner, the solar.one IMMO GmbH & Co.KG. Planning and system design has been done by Energie Kompass GmbH. The storage system has been supplied by . |
| Timeframe Planning Phase | The planning phase was from 12/2019 to 09/2020 for the whole heating and cooling system (including heat pumps, thermal storages, pipework and so on) |
| Timeframe Building Phase | The building phase was from 09/2020 to 03/2021 (including installation, commissioning, start-up and debugging) |
BiH
| Description | In Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the area od Sarajevo city is reach in geothermal water. Project “Uutilization of available geothermal energy capacities in Ilidža for heating in Sarajevo” in focus has the thermal water research in the area of Municipality Ilidža-Sarajevo with the aim of potential use of geothermal water in the heating system and Construction of a geothermal well on which Public Heating Company TOPLANE Sarajevo will have a concession and use geothermal water in the district heating system. The water temperature is 57 degrees Celsius, to have a power of 50 megawatts of thermal energy, and the capacity of the water reservoir has a flow of 250 liters per second, of which only a small part of approx. 15 percent. The Geothermal power plant Ciglena in Croatia exploits hot water from underground at a temperature of 170 ° C. The produced electricity is delivered to the public network. Given that the two countries are neighbors and have a history of joint action and cooperation, and that there is no language barrier, the best example for BiH would be a visit to the Bjelovar geothermal power plant. |
| CO2eq reduction rentability | This district heating system, with the already started preparatory process for the realization of the Kakanj-Sarajevo heating pipeline, would significantly contribute to stable heating of urban units in Sarajevo, and in addition would point to an alternative way of heating without emitting harmful particles and gases in Sarajevo Canton. |
| Energy savings rentability | The realization of this project introduces a completely new way of heating that excludes the use of natural gas and other alternative energy sources in the process of heat production, which has an invaluable positive impact on the contribution to air quality and energy savings |
| Difficulties encountered and lessons learned | The biggest challenge facing the investor of Geothermal power plant Ciglena and the holder of the project for the construction of power plants is the moment when he comes to the financial institution, the bank with all the obtained permits and asks for funds for his project. Also, energy projects in Croatia but in BiH are developing very slowly solely because they are hampered by slow administration, too complicated the process of obtaining the necessary permits or the resistance of the local community |
| Evidence of success | Ciglena power plant produces about 7 GWh of electricity each month, which corresponds to the average energy consumption of about 29 thousand households, and in addition we are constantly working to optimize its operation. |
| overview of operational management requirements | Construction of a geothermal well on which “Toplane” will have a concession and will use geothermal water in the district heating system |
| Implementing and operating organization, involved local actors | Environmental Protection Fund, Federal Institute of Geology, ministries of the Sarajevo Canton |
| Timeframe Planning Phase | 2020-2022 |
| Timeframe Building Phase | 2022-2024 |
Romania
| Description | In Alba County (Centru Development Region, Romania) several buildings have been identified that use solar thermal panel systems to supplement hot water production using buffers (buffer tanks) for storing excess thermal energy from the solar thermal panel system. Identified example: The Olympic Swimming Pool in Alba Iulia |
| CO2eq reduction rentability | |
| Energy savings rentability | |
| Difficulties encountered and lessons learned | The increase of the temperature and pressure differences amplitude of the thermal agent in the system due to the aging of the installation / thermal agent as well as the modification of some local climate characteristics (eg more frequent heat waves) |
| Evidence of success | The system has been operational for over 5 years. |
| overview of operational management requirements | – Existing spaces for the needed buffers – Existing spaces for solar collectors – Temperature and pressure monitoring system of the installation – Overpressure release system (depending on the thermal agent used) |
| Implementing and operating organization, involved local actors | The building administrator RES solution providers Alba Iulia Municipality (owner of the building) |
| Timeframe Planning Phase | 2 years |
| Timeframe Building Phase | 2 years (integration with existing building systems for hot water production) |
Slovakia
| Description | Secondary Vocational School SOS Senica – Use solar thermal panel systems to supplement the production of hot water using buffers (buffer tanks) to store excess thermal energy from the solar panel system. http://www.projectcec5.eu/strona-33-pilot_investment_of_trnava_slovakia_end.html http://www.sossenica.sk/index.php?menu=aktualita&id=442 |
| CO2eq reduction rentability | As part of the reconstruction of the demonstration building, photovoltaic panels with an output of 6.75 kW were installed on the roof of the dining room and kitchen, which produce DC voltage and charge 24 batteries via the controller. Battery power is used to power the entire device (fans of the ventilation unit, heat pump, pellet boiler, pumps and electrical equipment for measuring and regulating the entire system, elevator for immobile visitors.) Thermal solar panels are installed on the roof, which ensure the production of domestic hot water. The thermal energy obtained from these three sources can be further used for controlled ventilation and heating in the kitchen and dining room. The ventilation unit is equipped with a recuperator, which removes heat from the extracted air and heats the incoming fresh air from the outside environment. In summer, the heat pump can cool the supply air to a temperature of 26 C. |
| Energy savings rentability | |
| Difficulties encountered and lessons learned | |
| Evidence of success | |
| overview of operational management requirements | |
| Implementing and operating organization, involved local actors | The Senica Secondary Vocational School, in cooperation with the Trnava Self-Governing Region (TTSK), participated in the implementation of a transnational project in the field of energy efficiency and RES use entitled “Demonstration of energy efficiency and renewable energy sources on the example of public buildings (CEC5)”. The project was implemented by a foreign project partnership consisting of 12 partners from 8 Central European countries (Austria, Germany, Italy, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, Czech Republic) in the period from October 2011 to December 2014. The project was co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) under the Central Europe Operational Program 2007-2013. |
| Timeframe Planning Phase | 2013 |
| Timeframe Building Phase | The entire construction project began in October 2014 and was completed in December 2014. It was funded by the EU and TTSK. Such a comprehensive project – construction reconstruction of part of the building, insulation of the building and roof, construction of access to the building for immobile visitors, parking for bicycles, construction part and location of four sources of renewable energy sources in the building, is unique in Slovakia. |
Slovenia
| Description | Slovenia / heat storage tank in Primary School Miklavž pri Ormožu As part of the comprehensive energy renovation of the Primary School Miklavž pri Ormožu, the existing heating system (heating oil) was replaced with a heat pump. To ensure optimal operation of the heating system, a 1500 L hot water storage tank was installed in addition to the heat pump. The investment in the installation of a heat pump and heat accumulator amounted to 49.813,00 EUR. |
| CO2eq reduction rentability | The total reduction of emissions after the implementation of all measures amounts to 35,04 tons of CO2 or 47,3% of the total emissions of the building. |
| Energy savings rentability | The hot water storage tank takes care of the optimal operation of the heat pump that replaced the heating oil boiler. By replacing the boiler with a heat pump, the previously used 19.726 L heating oil were saved. The heat pump is now consuming 45,397 kWh of electricity. In the case of heating costs, the replacement of the heating system means EUR 3,026.00 in savings per year. |
| Difficulties encountered and lessons learned | Both the preparation and implementation of a comprehensive energy rehabilitation as well as the installation of the heat pump are well-established processes and as such take place without major problems. |
| Evidence of success | The installation of a heat pump and hot water storage tank was carried out as part of the comprehensive renovation of the building, which also included the insulation of the facade, ceiling, replacement of windows and hydraulic balancing of the heating system. With the implementation of all measures, energy costs were reduced by around 56 %. The hot water storage tank is installed and operational since 2019. |
| overview of operational management requirements | The heating system is managed by the user of the building, – Primary School Miklavž pri Ormožu. |
| Implementing and operating organization, involved local actors | The Municipality of Ormož, the Local Energy Agency of Spodnje Podravje, and many actors and contractors from the region were actively involved in the operation of the entire energy renovation of buildings in the municipality of Ormož. The maintenance of the heat pump is carried out regularly once a year by an authorized service technician and a daily inspection by the building caretaker. |
| Timeframe Planning Phase | The planning of the energy renovation was done together for 7 buildings owned by the municipality of Ormož and lasted about 9 months and included the implementation energy audit, complete technical documentation for the renovation works, investment plan, application for tender, etc. |
| Timeframe Building Phase | The implementation of the entire operation of energy renovation of 7 buildings lasted about 2 years. The installation of the hot water storage tank was installed together with the heat pump. |
Germany
Bulgaria
Germany
| Description | Ein Müllauto ohne lokale Emissionen mit Brennstoffzelle und zwei Tanks, 8,2 Kilo Wasserstoff an Bord und eine Batterie mit 85 kWh Leistung. Das Herzstück ist ein 250-Kilowatt-Elektromotor – das entspricht der Leistung eines 320 PS starken Dieselmotors. Die Batterie wird auch mit Energie, die beim Bremsen entsteht, geladen. https://www.swr.de/swraktuell/baden-wuerttemberg/tuebingen/muellauto-mit-brennstoffzellen-in-reutlingen-100.html |
| CO2eq reduction rentability | |
| Energy savings rentability | Ersetzt einen Diesel-Lkw |
| Difficulties encountered and lessons learned | Tanken nur an bestimmten Orten möglich |
| Evidence of success | Immer mehr Städte stellen ihr altes System auf Brennstoffzellen um |
| overview of operational management requirements | Service wird von Firma FAUN durchgeführt, Service stelle sollte nicht zu weit entfernt sein |
| Implementing and operating organization, involved local actors | Faun https://www.faun.com/produkte/alternative_antriebe/bluepower/ |
| Timeframe Planning Phase | Kurz |
| Timeframe Building Phase | Kurz |
Bulgaria
| Description | Bulgaria seems to have significant potential for hydrogen use in industry. Bulgaria hosts industries that already utilise fossil-based hydrogen, namely ammonia industry and refineries. Furthermore, natural gas has currently an important role in Bulgaria’s industry, accounting for 34% of the final energy mix, so hydrogen could contribute to heating demand in the residential and services sector, the potential seems to be relatively limited, especially before 2030. the decarbonisation of this part of the industrial energy demand. Lastly, a significant share of the industrial energy demand is related to the generation of high- temperature heat. Hydrogen is one of the few solutions that can be deployed to decarbonise this part of the energy demand in industry. |
| CO2eq reduction rentability | |
| Energy savings rentability | |
| Difficulties encountered and lessons learned | An overarching hydrogen roadmap has not yet been developed; such a comprehensive roadmap would support the country in mainstreaming hydrogen within the energy system to tackle the decarbonisation challenges in all sectors. The Innovation Strategy for Smart Specialisation could be considered as an interesting basis to mainstream hydrogen in all sectors. The existing national association for hydrogen could provide support in structuring the preparation of such roadmap, which should preferably be adopted in coordination with the neighbouring countries and take into account the relevant initiatives and policies at EU level |
| Evidence of success | |
| overview of operational management requirements | Bulgaria’s authorities could use the Innovation Strategy for Smart Specialisation which includes hydrogen as a basis for elaborating a complete renewable hydrogen roadmap. There are no specific national carbon taxes or fiscal rules that would encourage the use of renewable or low-carbon hydrogen. |
| Implementing and operating organization, involved local actors | Covernment, national association for hydrogen, energy agiencies |
| Timeframe Planning Phase | 2021- 2030 |
| Timeframe Building Phase | 2025 – 2035 |
Germany
Austria
Montenegro
Romainia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Germany
| Country/Description/Link | Electric car as citizen car with fixed and individual tour, car sharing with PV system and battery storage. Ebhausen is rural and the public transport system is poorly developed. The municipality wanted to offer its citizens of Ebhausen a way to still be mobile. It is possible to book the car as car sharing without a driver. For physically limited persons or persons without a driver’s license it is possible to book the car with a volunteer driver. Also the car drives at fixed times (Tuesdays and Fridays) a fixed tour between the districts with 55 minutes stop at the market for shopping. To go one step further in environmental protection, the municipality operates a PV system on the roof of the town hall with which the electric car is charged. Since most of the time the electricity is needed in the evening or at night (car is used during the day and charged in the evening/night), the municipality has installed a battery to store the electricity. This way, some of the electricity generated is used in-house. The remaining electricity is fed into the grid. |
| CO2eq reduction rentability | |
| Energy savings rentability | CO2 savings (from “Innovative Mobilität im Ländlichen Raum” of Pforzheim University); emissions of production and fuel: – Electric vehicle: 85 g/km (estimated value, as in the meantime with PV system). – compared to diesel vehicle: 128.6 g/km (-> savings: 43.6 g/km) – compared to gasoline vehicle: 144.4 g/km (-> saving: 59.4 g/km) |
| Difficulties encountered and lessons learned | The example in the neighboring city was important for the successful implementation of the project. |
| Evidence of success | |
| overview of operational management requirements | |
| Implementing and operating organization, involved local actors | Because this is a project to improve the mobility on the country side, it relays on people that drive the car for other people for free. Total costs (car purchased, battery storage, PV system citizen car): 79,000 Euro + battery leasing 79 Euro/month (12,500 km/a) Power (el.) of the PV system 11.8 kW for citizen car |
| Timeframe Planning Phase | Short |
| Timeframe Building Phase | Short |
Austria
| Country/Description/Link | PV – Carport in Ollersdorf, Burgenland in south-east Austria. The municipality of Ollersdorf initiated to build a PV – powered carport at the parking lot of the town hall, in order to provide renewable energy for charging electric vehicles. Currently two charging pods with a capacity of 22kW each are installed, with the options to install up to 7 charging pods in total in the future |
| CO2eq reduction rentability | With the 2 charging pods in operation currently, the equipment is utilized for about 250 hours a year (each pod), which on average corresponds to an annual charged driving range of approx. 16.500 km. By substituting diesel and gasoline with renewable electricity about 3.42 ton CO2 are saved annually. |
| Energy savings rentability | BEV’s are about three times more energy efficient as ICE cars. Based on the same parameters (16.500 annual km) about 5.125 kWh of energy can be saved annually. |
| Difficulties encountered and lessons learned | In order to draw attention to the project and to improve public acceptance and opinion, an eye-catching design has been opted for, also utilizing mostly local sustainable materials such as larch wood. This made the utilization of non-standard PV modules necessary which caused delays in procurement and installation. As a lesson learned, future carports will be designed around standardized PV modules that can be easily procured and replaced if necessary. |
| Evidence of success | The carport is in operation since 10/2019 and generated about 14.000 kWh of PV power since then. |
| overview of operational management requirements | The charging infrastructure of the carport is integrated into an OCPP compliant back-end system where the whole charging procedure is managed (authorization of charges via RFID card or QR code, keeping charge data records, billing and payments). This service that has been outsourced to a charging service provider, who is also handling the customer support for these charging points. The PV installation (panels and frequency inverter) does not require operational management. |
| Implementing and operating organization, involved local actors | The carport has been installed and is operated by a local company (Zentrum für Ökomobilität GmbH) in close cooperation with the municipality. The project has also been supported by the LEADER program. |
| Timeframe Planning Phase | The planning phase, that also included a detail viability analysis was started in 2017 and was concluded in the first half of 2018. |
| Timeframe Building Phase | The installation of the carport was carried out in the first half of 2019 and operation started in 10/2019 |
Montenegro
| Country/Description/Link | The construction of solar power plants on the parking lot and the roof of the administrative building belongs to the first phase of the project and, in that way, about 40 percent of energy will be provided to cover the energy needs of this facility, which is about 500 thousand kWh of electricity per year. Over a thousand solar panels have been installed on the roof of the administrative building and the parking lot of EPCG, and the value of the first phase of the Project is estimated at close to 600 thousand euros. With the full realization of the Project, which includes the reconstruction of the administrative building, with the application of energy efficiency measures, we will get the first large energy-neutral facility in Niksic and among the largest in Montenegro. The positive effects of the energy renovation of the EPCG administrative building, in addition to the financial ones, are also reflected in the reduction of CO2 emissions, which will be additionally provided by the introduction of electric vehicles. EPCG has already procured two electric vehicles, and a higher representation of such cars in the fleet is planned. In the meantime, four chargers for electric vehicles have been installed with the installation of capacities that will enable the construction of more car chargers. With the completion of the entire project, the annual savings in electricity consumption will be around 140 thousand euros. The realization of the project creates conditions for obtaining an energy efficiency certificate, which is proof that the building is in accordance with the international standard ISO50001, as well as all the norms proposed by law in this area. |
| CO2eq reduction rentability | |
| Energy savings rentability | |
| Difficulties encountered and lessons learned | Variations of battery efficiency in the cold season |
| Evidence of success | – Significant energy savings – Zero pollutant emissions by using green energy |
| overview of operational management requirements | – Preparation of the charging station system – Staff training (drivers, maintenance staff) |
| Implementing and operating organization, involved local actors | EPCG |
| Timeframe Planning Phase | 6 months |
| Timeframe Building Phase | 6 months |
Romainia
| Country/Description/Link | Improvement of the public transport fleet, electric bus fleet. Selected regional example: Cluj Napoca. (North West Development Region) |
| CO2eq reduction rentability | |
| Energy savings rentability | |
| Difficulties encountered and lessons learned | – Additional charge on the electrical network – Variations of battery efficiency in the cold season – Adaptations of the public transport company staff necessary for the operation and maintenance process of the electric bus fleet |
| Evidence of success | – Significant increase in passenger comfort – Reduction of air and noise pollution in the city – Significant energy savings (including braking recovery) – Zero pollutant emissions by using green energy |
| overview of operational management requirements | – Preparation of the charging station system – Staff training (drivers, maintenance staff) – Preparation of routes and the operating programs allocated to electric buses in order to streamline fuel consumption of the whole public transport fleet |
| Implementing and operating organization, involved local actors | – Cluj Napoca Municipality – Cluj Napoca Public Transport Company (CTP) – Regional electricity distributor – Energy suppliers |
| Timeframe Planning Phase | 3 years |
| Timeframe Building Phase | 4 years (including the buses production process) |
Slovakia
| Country/Description/Link | 1. The first ever battery assisted electric vehicle fast charging station – GridBooster (GB) – in Central and Eastern Europe, Bratislava, the capital city of Slovakia Source: https://www.electrive.com/2018/01/07/battery-supported-fast-charging-station-slovakia/ 2. InoBat is a battery research, development and manufacturing company founded in 2018 to provide new energy solutions to the European market. Using the strong automotive, petrochemical and energy industries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), InoBat plans to locate research and development and testing platforms and production lines in Voderady, Slovakia. The production line for the production of batteries for electric vehicles will be opened in the first half of 2022. Inobat will operate in three industrial forces – electromobility, energy storage and hydrogen. The potential of fuel cell and hydrogen technology for energy storage is increasingly recognized as a key element in the transition to a clean, low-carbon energy system and the achievement of global energy goals. Source: https://inobatauto.eu/ |
| CO2eq reduction rentability | N/A |
| Energy savings rentability | 1. Bratislava is the first city in Eastern Europe to have an EV charging station that is fed both by the grid as well as a battery. The GridBooster combines two fast-charge stops with CCS and ChaDeMo. Developed by Greenway, the so-called GridBooster got an extra battery capable of storing 52 kWh of energy and dispensing up to 60 kW of power at once. Installed at a shopping mall, the new station will also be able to charge up to four vehicles at the same time. |
| Difficulties encountered and lessons learned | |
| Evidence of success | |
| overview of operational management requirements | 1. Cars, buses and troleybuses. Electric bus fleet – 18 buses from selected regional example: Bratislava. |
| Implementing and operating organization, involved local actors | 1. Bratislava municipality, Bratislava Self Governingg region, GREENWAY 2. InoBat |
| Timeframe Planning Phase | 1. 2019- 2021 |
| Timeframe Building Phase | 2. 2022 |
Slovenia
| Country/Description/Link | The purpose of the investment in the purchase of an electric car is to provide free transportation for vulnerable target groups, especially the elderly. Based on the Operation approval no. 33154-37 / 2018/9 from 03.08.2018 for the operation Smart Villages for tomorrow, 22.144,11 EUR were approved for the purchase of an electric car, which represents a co-financing share of 85%. (Source: LAS Goričko2020). The subject of the investment, which is transferred to the Municipality of Šalovci by contract, is an electric vehicle, namely: • Brand: MG • Version: ZS EV LUXURY • Colour: White • Battery power: 44.5 kWh • Engine power: 105 kw • Range – combined driving mode: 263 km • Luggage compartment (l): 448 • Number of seats: 5 seats • Number of doors: 4 doors |
| CO2eq reduction rentability | |
| Energy savings rentability | |
| Difficulties encountered and lessons learned | The purpose of the investment in the purchase of an electric car is to provide free transportation for vulnerable target groups, especially the elderly. In this way, we want to prevent the loneliness of older people in rural areas, especially from very remote places, which are isolated from the services offered by these places due to the distance from urban centers. The investment will enable vulnerable groups to attend events they meet in social life or perform tasks necessary to improve the quality of life (doctor, pharmacy, post office, self-service store, bank, administrative unit, visit relatives, etc.). |
| Evidence of success | The vehicle is already in use for more than a year. |
| overview of operational management requirements | |
| Implementing and operating organization, involved local actors | The Bistra hiša Smart House Martjanci purchased the vehicle as the leading partner of the project, and then the ownership was transferred to the Municipality of Šalovci by contract. |
| Timeframe Planning Phase | Application of the project to the LAS Goričko 2020 programe |
| Timeframe Building Phase | 4 months delivery time |
Bulgaria
| Country/Description/Link | 31 charging stations for electric cars and electric bicycles in Varna are already installed. Each station can charge 2 sites simultaneously. The chargers are part of the project of the Municipality of Varna “Tranche №2: Zone for paid street parking and installation of charging stations for electric cars”, funded by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Charging electric cars at municipal charging stations is completely free for consumers. The project also includes a system for comprehensive monitoring and management of the network, with different access rights and functions for individual administrators; Internet portal to the main portal of OP OPSZ: www.varnaparking.bg, · mobile applications for iOS and Android for charging an electric car; communication connectivity between the nodes of the system providing and sufficient for its proper operation and the necessary functionality. | |
| CO2eq reduction rentability | 350 tCO2 | |
| Energy savings rentability | 40 000 kWh | |
| Difficulties encountered and lessons learned | A thorough analysis of the number of electric cars in Varna is to be made in order to make forecasts and to outline the trends for the development of this segment of car traffic in the city. Only then, and on the basis of the information gathered, would steps be taken to expand the network of charging stations in the relevant urban areas. | |
| Evidence of success | According to data from the beginning of October last year. There were 738 consumers who took advantage of the free charging stations for electric cars provided by the Municipality of Varna. In less than a month – from September 18 to October 31 last year. the total number of charges was 1693, and the consumed electricity – 10 492 kW / h., show the publicly announced data. There is no information about the first six months of this year yet. | |
| overview of operational management requirements | ||
| Implementing and operating organization, involved local actors |
| |
| Timeframe Planning Phase | 3 years | |
| Timeframe Building Phase | 1 year |
Demo centers
Croatia
Slovenia
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